Behavioural
Classical and operant conditioning, Little albert being conditioned to be scared of rats = phobia explanation from learning fear behaviour
Schedule of reinforcement = set rules of rewards for behaviours, e.g. praise for correct answers in class and slot machines being an explanation for gambling/betting
Cognitive
Behaviourist approaches people's ability to reflect on and control their behaviour, and examines irrational or maladaptive thought instead
A person who thinks negatively about themselves, the future and the world around them will make thinking errors, warping their emotions and behaviours
Cognitive distortion is irrational thinking (opposite of rose tinted glasses)
Overgeneralisation - viewing 1 unfortunate event as a never ending defeat or struggle
Filtering = giving greater consideration and focus to negative aspects, whilst ignoring positive ones
catastrophic action = making a mountain out of a molehill, overreacting
Dichotomous reasoning = all or nothing thinking, seeing the world as black or white
These maladaptive thinking patterns form in childhood and create a schema
Triad of negative schemas=
1. negative views about the world
2. negative views about ourselves
3. negative views about the future
Cognitive behavioural therapy
CBT = common psychological therapy for depression, usually once a week for 5-20 sessions and helps p's identify and change irrational and unhelpful
1. to re-establish previous levels of activity
2. to re-establish a social life
3. to challenge negative thought process
4. to spot early signs of recurring depression
This involves encouraging and rewarding patients for re-engaging in fun activities